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An income tax return is a form or document filed with the tax authorities, such as the Income Tax Department in India, by individuals or entities to report their income, deductions, and taxes paid or owed to the government for a particular financial year. It’s essentially a declaration of one’s income and tax liabilities to the tax authorities.

Key components and aspects of an income tax return:

  1. Income Declaration: The return form requires taxpayers to declare their sources of income, which may include income from salaries, business or profession, capital gains, house property, and other sources.

  2. Deductions and Exemptions: Taxpayers can claim deductions under various sections of the Income Tax Act for expenses incurred or investments made, reducing their taxable income. These deductions might include investments in specific instruments, insurance premiums, medical expenses, etc.

  3. Tax Computation: Based on the declared income and applicable deductions, the income tax payable for the financial year is computed using the prescribed tax slabs and rates.

  4. Tax Payment and Refunds: If taxes have been paid in excess of the calculated tax liability through TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) or advance tax, the taxpayer is eligible for a refund. If there’s an additional tax liability after computation, it needs to be paid along with the return.

  5. Filing Deadline: The income tax return must be filed within the due date specified by the tax authorities. Failure to file within the deadline might result in penalties or interest.

  6. Modes of Filing: Income tax returns can be filed electronically through the tax department’s e-filing portal or physically by submitting a paper return.

  7. Verification and Acknowledgment: After filing the return, it needs to be verified by the taxpayer using methods like Aadhaar OTP, electronic verification code, or sending a signed acknowledgment to the tax department.

Types of ITR India

In India, there are various types of Income Tax Return (ITR) forms, and the choice of form to be used depends on the taxpayer’s income sources, nature of income, and other specific circumstances. As of my last update, here are the common types of ITR forms:

  1. ITR-1 (Sahaj): This form is for individuals having income from salaries, one house property, other sources (excluding winning from lottery and income from racehorses), and having total income up to ₹50 lakh.

  2. ITR-2: Individuals and Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs) not having income from profits and gains of business or profession. It is applicable for individuals and HUFs with income from other sources, capital gains, house property, and foreign assets.

  3. ITR-3: For individuals and HUFs having income from profits and gains of business or profession. It’s for those who have income from other sources, capital gains, house property, and foreign assets along with business income.

  4. ITR-4 (Sugam): Applicable for individuals, HUFs, and firms (other than LLP) having presumptive income from business and profession. This form is for taxpayers opting for the presumptive taxation scheme under Sections 44AD, 44ADA, or 44AE.

  5. ITR-5: For LLPs (Limited Liability Partnerships), AOPs (Association of Persons), BOIs (Body of Individuals), firms, and other artificial judicial persons.

  6. ITR-6: This form is for companies other than companies claiming exemption under Section 11 (income from property held for charitable or religious purposes).

  7. ITR-7: For persons including companies required to furnish return under Section 139(4A) or Section 139(4B) or Section 139(4C) or Section 139(4D) (i.e., entities like trusts, political parties, institutions, colleges, etc.).

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